Although
allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) offers the
possibility of cure for hematological malignancies, various complications have
been described. Capillary leak syndrome (CLS) has been previously observed in
HSCT patients.
CLS is a rare
disease characterized by recurrent episodes of generalized edema and severe
hypotension along with hypoproteinemia. Case Report: A
27-year-old Chinese man, diagnosed with refractory acute myeloid leukemia, was
treated with a haploidentical stem cell transplant combined with an unrelated
umbilical cord blood unit.
The patient
developed fatal CLS during the 9th day of the conditioning therapy. Since it is
difficult to distinguish between CLS and other early complications during
allo-HSCT, our report highlights the need for rigorous investigation of
identifying CLS and the increasing need of insightful diagnosis to manage any
incidence of CLS.
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